Marijuana Legalization Essays (2711 words) - Herbalism,

Marijuana Legalization What Is Marijuana? Marijuana, a drug obtained from dried and crumpled parts of the ubiquitous hemp plant Canabis sativa (or Cannabis indica). Smoked by rolling in tobacco paper or placing in a pipe. It is also otherwise consumed worldwide by an estimated 200,000,000 persons for pleasure, an escape from reality, or relaxation. Marijuana is known by a variety of names such as kif (Morocco), dagga (South Africa), and bhang (India). Common in the United States, marijuana is called pot, grass, weed, Mary Jane, bones, etc. The main active principle of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol. The potency of its various forms ranges from a weak drink consumed in India to the highly potent hashish. The following consists of pure cannabis resin. Marijuana is not a narcotic and is not mentally or physically addicting drug. One can use mild cannabis preparations such as marijuana in small amounts for years without physical or mental deterioration. Marijuana serves to diminish inhibitions and acts as an euphoriant. Only once in a while will it produce actual hallucinations. More potent preparations of cannabis such as hashish can induce psychedelic experiences identical to those observed after ingestion of potent hallucinogens such as LSD. Some who smoke marijuana feel no effects; others feel relaxed and sociable, tend to laugh a great deal, and have a profound loss of the sense of time. Characteristically, those under the influence of marijuana show incoordination and impaired ability to perform skilled acts. Still others experience a wide range of emotions including feelings of perception, fear, insanity, happiness, love and anger. Although marijuana is not addicting, it may be habituating. The individual may become psychologically rather than physically dependent on the drug. Legalization Of Marijuana Those who urge the legalization of marijuana maintain the drug is entirely safe. The available data suggested, this is not so, Marijuana occasionally produces acute panic reactions or even transient psychoses. Furthermore, a person driving under the influence of marijuana is a danger to themselves and others. If smoked heavily and a great deal of consistency, its use has been clearly associated with mental breakdown. In many persons who smoke chronically, the drug reinforces passivity and reduces goal-directed, constructive activity. The chronic use of pure resin (hashish) has been associated both with mental deterioration and criminality. One of the major complications of marijuana use is the tendency on the part of some users to progress to more dangerous drugs. Users in economically deprived areas usually go on to heroin, whereas more affluent individuals tend to move from marijuana to more potent hallucinogens such as LSD. There is no established medical use for marijuana or any other cannabis preparation. In the United States, its use is a crime and the laws governing marijuana are similar to those regulating heroin. Many authorities now urge that the laws be modified to mitigate the penalties relating to conviction on marijuana possession charges. The Case For Legalizing Marijuana Use The United States stands apart from many nations in its deep respect for the individual. The strong belief in personal freedom appears early in the nation's history. The Declaration of Independence speaks of every citizen's right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The Constitution and Bill of Rights go further, making specific guarantees. They forbid the government to make unwarranted entry into dwelling places. They forbid seizure of personal property, except when very clear reasons are approved by the courts. They allow every citizen to remain silent in court when accused of a crime. Legal decisions have extended these rights, so that every citizen may feel safe, secure, and sheltered from public view in the privacy of his or her home. The Right To Privacy In recent years, Americans have referred to privacy as one of the basic human rights, something to be claimed by anyone, anywhere. United States citizens feel strongly about this and often tell other countries that they must honor their people's claims to privacy and personal freedom. Foreign leaders often disagree. They resent what they deem arrogant meddling by the United States. Leaders of the Soviet Union, for example, regard individual privacy as trivial when compared to the needs of the state. If the United States is to be

The Time Machine Essays

The Time Machine Essays The Time Machine Paper The Time Machine Paper Essay Topic: The Time Machine The pen is mightier than the sword; an expression that summarises the central theme of both my choices for the wider reading assignment. George Orwell (Eric Arthur Blair) and Herbert George Wells both apply an ingenious and extremely effective technique in their finest novels, Nineteen Eighty-Four and The Time Machine. Their tool is not blindingly obvious, but rather like a Trojan horse, implanting itself in the readers mind whilst he or she is indulging in the storyline. Their tool, a concealed propaganda in a way, is the use of satire.Satire is the use of ridicule, irony, humour or other such methods to mock any given subject. Satire is widely recognised as a deadly weapon in media, and is a genre for moving picture and written text. I class Nineteen Eighty-Four and The Time Machine as political satires as they confront certain political ideologies. The latter also falls under science fiction as it plots a scientists adventures as he travels into the distant future in his time machine. In fact, Nineteen Eighty-Four is also set in a future time (relative to the time of writing), but it does not involve any time travelling or regard other such scientific theme.Both serve as prophecies of what society may come to if current political practices are continued. I feel that this is very obvious in both books. In The Time Machine, the main character actually proclaims after telling his story, No. I cannot expect you to believe it. Take is as a lie or a prophecy. Nineteen Eighty-Four, describes a horrendous world, where freedom is a word associated only with animals. It also describes the politics in this world, and after a while it is obvious that Orwell is criticising certain political principles.Although today they may come across as incredible exaggerations, at the time of writing they were very much plausible to the typical reader, as I will explain. H. G. Wells pursues a time travelling scientist into the year 802,701, where corrupt, unbalanced society results with the human race splitting into two different species. Although both have evolved into creatures very different from todays human, one race, the Eloi, seems to be more similar to homo sapiens that the other; it exists on the surface of the earth and has a similar physical appearance.The other, the Morlocks, has formed its habitat under the ground, and has developed hairier bodies, and eyes that are complimentary to its dark environment. The Morlocks survive by farming the Eloi. The initial horror of this state that mankind has reached is simply the fact that the Eloi have, in a way, devolved. They have a basic language, express no emotion or attachment to each other and show a child-like sense of interest; they are amused easily for a few minutes, after which they move on. And yet they live a fantastical life, always happy and content.This, as I said, is only the initial horror. Wells then introduces the Morlocks; the descendants of working class communities. These hideous animals farm the Eloi, providing them with clothing and other such materials in order to produce healthy crops. They emerge in the dark to prey on isolated Eloi. The Time Machine was first published in 1895. The young mastermind Albert Einstein was introducing new theories into physical science, concerning time and time travel. British society was still in the stages where the poor were very poor and the rich were very rich.These are the two main reasons that The Time Machine would not have come across as completely bogus at the time of writing. Wells describes a horrific situation; something that many target readers will be sensitive to. This is a technique that Orwell also employs. As the title suggests, Nineteen Eighty-Four portrays Britain in the year 1984. Although Orwell may have been exaggerating in this portrayal, this novel was first published at a time when Orwells suggestions came across as credible possibilities similar to The Time Machine. The novel follows the life of a certain Winston Smith in this future Britain, under the government, called The Party of Oceania. This government practices what it called English Socialism. It criticises capitalism, and emphasises how life has improved dramatically since the eradication of capitalism and the introduction of English Socialism. However, Orwell gradually reveals a totalitarian society. Ironically, capitalism is very evident in this society. Winstons, and every other party members, days are monotonous endurances.They live in a world where totalitarianism has overcome their lives. In fact, totalitarian ways mean that people cannot know whether totalitarianism has overcome the world, the nation or merely their own community. Winston Smith is a representation of the many civilians who have become rebels in their mind but are too frightened to let their rebelliousness be outwardly expressed. The government monitors every move Winston makes, via a technology called the telescreen. Every word he utters is recorded. All interactions with other people are analysed.Society has reached a stage where sleep is a threat to oneself, for the reason that the telescreen may pick up words of rebel that escape ones mouth during a dream. The social order is hierarchically arranged. The lowest and most numerous class is the prole. I put lowest in speech marks because they actually are not treated as the lowest form; they are given more freedom than party members. These come next. Normal party members, like Winston, are employed by the party to work in one of four ministries. Here they carry out various tasks to ensure that the party runs smoothly.Winston works in the ministry of truth, where day after day, he rewrites newspaper, magazine and other such articles as the party sees fit. For example, if a previous article states that Oceania is at war with Eurasia, but the party is now at war Eastasia, all copies of that article must be tracked down and rewritten to agree with the current situation. In reality, Oceania may not be at war at all, but in order to unite all citizens and in an effort to take over their minds and control their thinking, Oceania is at war with Eastasia and Oceania has always been at war with Eastasia.Above the ordinary party members is th e Inner Party. Such members are privileged; they live luxurious lives, in large houses with servants. They make the decisions that other civilians have to follow. Finally, at the apex of the hierarchy, stands Big Brother. All decisions pass through Big Brother before they are finalised. The character, though, is very vague. He appears only on large posters with the caption Big Brother Is Watching You, and the word Ingsoc, an abbreviation for English Socialism and on the propaganda transmitted through telescreens.The people are taught to love Big Brother, and obey his every command without hesitation. And that is what people do. The description of Big Brother, not coincidentally, fits that of Stalin. Similarly to The Time Machine, Nineteen Eighty-Four suggests that if current ways are continued, human intelligence will generally decline. In Nineteen Eighty-Four, Orwell makes it clear that civilians are unintelligent by giving examples of characters that ignore the obvious truth and continue their lives as if nothing if wrong with the world. Orwell then demonstrates that these people have no choice.Winston and his lover Julia, whom he discovered was also rebellious at mind, are found out whilst attempting to assimilate with the proles. They are taken to the Ministry of Love, where, to the readers horror, their way of thinking is altered so that they conform to the party and learn to truly love Big Brother. A world where the government has so much power, that it can control peoples thoughts and wishes, may seem bizarre to present day readers, but it was not so to the Britain of 1949. At the time, totalitarian tyrannies were in the recent past or in current practice, i. e.the Nazis and The Soviet Union under Stalin. Britain was still recovering from the devastation that the war with the Nazis had brought and people were still very traumatic and sensitive with the subject. Orwell would not have to think twice about whether this novel would might received as an ex aggeration. The Time Machine is written from a first person point-of-view. This allows the story to be more dramatic, as the characters feelings and thoughts can be shared with the reader. It also makes it easier for the reader to imagine the situation, as they can imagine themselves in the place of the main character.Nineteen Eighty-Four is written from a third person point-of-view, but orients around Wilson. Often, Orwell goes into the mind of Winston and writes in the first person. This allows Orwell to express Winstons thoughts, but also write about certain aspects without bias. Both novels use vivid descriptions of horrific situations as their element of satire. By depicting a hell-world, and suggesting that the existent of these hell-worlds was brought around because of corrupt political practices, the authors are ridiculing their target political practices.Both authors begin with mildly shocking descriptions and then, develop the scenario by introducing increasingly shocking descriptions. The more they can shock the reader, the more effective theyre text will be. The Time Machine begins with The Time Traveller very eager to travel forward in time. He arrives in a harmonic, serene world, as if it had been taken out of a dream, at a time which he first refers to as The Golden Age. However, this is only the cover. The Time Travel then discovers some of the inhabitants of this future world, the Eloi, who, as I have explained, are devolved humans, with child-like tendencies.One of these Eloi creatures, through gesturing asked [the Time Traveller] if [he] had come from the sun in a thunderstorm! Such a question immediately forms low opinions of the Eloi. In Nineteen-Eighty Four, the stupidity of people is not so extreme, but it is evident in the way characters converse and act. For example, a character called Parsons, continually compliments Big Brother and the Party and cheerfully carries out his duties to the party such as collecting money from party memb ers for the Party.He is oblivious to the fact that the party is more-or-less robbing party members of their money; a very tiny percentage of this funding will go towards the public. Although this fact is all-too-obvious, many characters like Parson simply ignore it. Another indication is Orwells direct description of these characters actions: Winstons handed over two notes, which Parsons entered in a small notebook, in the neat handwriting of the illiterate. Orwell is directly illustrating that Parsons is almost illiterate.

Islam is Not the Enemy of America Research Paper

Islam is Not the Enemy of America - Research Paper Example America became the envy of other nations as the country was populated by people who knew how to get along with one another, regardless of race, nationality, religion, gender, or beliefs in life. However, all of that changed with the attacks on the Word Trade Center Twin Towers and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. The perpetrators of the crime were proven to be Muslim men who were in the United States on student visas. It was this terrorist attack from within our shores that totally reshaped the way that America came to view immigrants to the country. It most specially changed the image of the Muslims in America. The once tolerant nation now became a nation that despised all things Muslim, for it was the Muslims who shed the blood of Americans and attacked the peaceful nation on its very own soil using their own airplanes against them. It was this mindset that led to the new American belief that Islam, which is the religion practiced by Muslims should be tagged as the enemy of Amer ica. That belief has shaped the beliefs of a new generation of Americans and it has caused divisiveness within the American society at large. It is my belief however, that Islam is not the enemy of America. Rather, the Muslims and the followers of Islam have been lumped together with those of radical Islamic beliefs that have nothing to do with the true meaning of Islam and the Muslim way of life. By writing this paper, I hope to present the reasons as to why Muslims and Islam are not enemies of America. I will be presenting factual evidence based upon authoritative journals, newspaper reports, and quotes from interviews with people who are quite familiar with the aforementioned topic. In the end, I hope to have presented a solid explanation regarding why Americans have a misconception about Muslims and Islam in general. In order to understand more about what Islam truly is about, we first need to know who the Muslims are. Muslims are the people who follow the Islamic faith. Theirs is a religion that spans the globe from the Southern Philippines, the Middle East, Indonesia, and Africa. While a small fraction of the religious practitioners also reside in the Soviet Union, China, North and South America, and finally, Europe. (â€Å"Understanding Islam and the Muslims†). Muslims, just like all other religions believe that there is one unique God under whose authority Man exists. They are the people who believe that Mohammed is the sole prophet of God and that no other God other than the Muslim God exists. By definition, Islam, the religion has been defined by experts as simply meaning â€Å"submission†. Therefore, in religious terms, â€Å"Islam† is said to mean â€Å"... complete submission to the will of God†. The very definition of Islam has nothing to do with violence or terrorism. However, there are some factions

Property Assessment Project Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Property Assessment Project - Research Paper Example t potential risks in a living area need to be carefully identified and the necessary steps taken to ensure that these threats are diminished or averted completely. Figure 1 contains an image of bottles that have not been given any labels. They have been placed at a strategic point, perhaps a table, for human use. Some of the bottles look similar in nature and have possibly been made out of the same materials. However, their contents differ depicting that they could indeed contain different items. These bottles contain something that is meant for human consumption. It is likely that various types of injuries could result if consumers gain access to such products. It is likely that should a consumer seek to consume these products, they could consume a potentially wrong product. There are consumers who are sensitive to certain products. This could be in the form of allergies, intolerances or simply aversions. Allergies could lead to potentially life threatening conditions such as anaphylaxis that require immediate medical attention. A consumer could have an allergy to some of the products used to design the items contained in these bottles making it potentially risky for them to consume (Grissinger, 2008). Intolerances and aversions can also lead to mild symptoms that could lead to mild irritation that could leave a completely bad taste in the consumers mouth. There are various regulations that have been stipulated as relates to food labeling. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, it is imperative that food companies label their products with the exact ingredients that have been used to formulate their products. In addition, any product that has been developed using a set of stipulated allergens must be labeled appropriately. This ensures that consumers are aware of the products they are consuming beforehand (Grissinger, 2008). Failure to comply with these regulations could mean a law suit. People can seek damages against the food

Customer Information Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Customer Information Privacy - Essay Example It is indisputable that no confidential information concerning the customers and their buying behavior should be disclosed to other businesses either for consideration or otherwise. The CNET News reports that companies like Boo.com, Toysmart and CraftShop.com have tried to sell their customers' data (phone number, home address and credit card number) to other business entities (Sandoval, 2000). The report further documents that "it is inappropriate and illegal to sell customer information when it was collected under the assumption that it wouldn't be shared" (Sandoval, 2000). Since it has been assured by the firms to their customers that their personal data would not be transferred, it is quite unethical and unprofessional to share such information with other business organizations or agencies. If a firm decides to share the information about its customers with outside organizations, there exists a breach of contract between the company and the customers. As a result, the customers c an approach concerned authority to make good of such breach. At the time of filling up the forms or any other requirements, it is usually seen that the customers' information would not be disclosed under any circumstances. In its private policy of Dell Company, it has been specified that they won't sell their customers' information to anybody without the customers' consent.

Paris In French New Wave Cinema Film Studies Essay

Paris In French New Wave Cinema Film Studies Essay This essay will analyse the importance of Paris in French New Wave cinema. In addition to that the history of the French New Wave would be looked at to have a better understanding of the importance of location of the film taken as well as the style. Additionally it would also consider the directors who started these films and their impact upon them. This would enable a better understanding of the filming technique and style of the film, the film I will analyze is HYPERLINK http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0055852/fullcreditsClà ©o at the cafà © (1962), in English translation Cleo from 5 to 7. The French New Wave is more than a list of titles or a list of directors. The New Wave was at first a cultural phenomenon, coming from political, economic and social trends that were developed in the 1950s. Big changes in other arts including literature and theatre, made some of the shifts in cinema, and the role even domain of art criticism shifted during this time also. The New Wave cinema was shaped by forces as abstract, as the growth of these film criticism that stressed mise-en-scene over thematic and as concrete as technological innovations in motion picture camera and sound recorders. France was going through some extraordinary industrial growth and self-evaluation, both of which put new pressures on the cinema and its place in the larger national sphere. Also, the average of moviegoers of the 1960s was very different from the ones in the 1950s. Political conservatism, consumerism and television, cine-clubs, popular film journals and a new generation of movie producers all had an involvement in the stories and styles that would make this thriving movement. To understand the meant to be nouvelle vague, it is ideal to consider the social, critical, economic, and the technological backgrounds that helped determine the films and their significance. Rather than starting with the cinema, one must bring the social realm but getting a better understan ding of what French life and culture was like in the 1950s, one can understand much better why this even in the cinema world took place, when and where it did. Even though the rest of international cinema could only look in curious way at the revival of French cinema. France had changed largely in the late 1940s, and this large transformation carried on into the 1960s. Every nation involved in World War II was affected by it for a long time after, and France, particularly, was affected more deeply, with war damage and debt. The French faces a strange mixture of national shame for Frances military loss. Moreover the conflicting views of France held by the international community at the wars end, France as a helpless victim, a lazy and unsuccessful military force, a crippled industrial power, were also felt in its own borders. Every politicians and media newspaper seemed to want to speak to and for unified France, and the French people were often known as a single team that now had to get back to basics in order to simultaneously make up for the lost time and join the modernizing world. In Paris, during World War II was a very dark city. The Germans forces created a blackout which imposed Paris to have the lights turned off, there was a shortage of petrol that kept cars off the road, even a curfew kept people away from the street at night. During daylight, a number of regulations, propaganda made the occupation increasingly unpleasant. One of the few things that took away these times for the French citizens, was the cinema. However, these choices of what to watch, was very limited. American films was banned, and German films which was usually copies of Hollywood musicals and comedies, also melodramatic propaganda movies. French citizens only had the access to the 200 off French made films, that was produced during this four year period. These films that was approved by the German censor was few exceptions, pale imitations of the great French cinema of Marcel Carne, Rene Cliar, Marcel Pagnol and Jean Renoir that had came before the war. The generations of cinephiles for example Andre Bazin, Alain Resnais and Eric Rohmer who had all been raised in the rich cinematic culture of the 1920s and 1930s, this less choice added to the sense of loss they already felt as a result of the war. It was not only the French films that they missed out, but the fact they could no longer see the American films that they loves. This experience of the missing out, let them to bring freedom of expression and truth of representation above all else, and values which would later become centre of their work. After the World War II, France was seen desperately trying to assert, or reassert in the eyes of many French citizens, its cultural, political and even the economic clout in Europe and beyond. From the day the Germans was pushed out of Paris in August 19,1994, the French film industry rushed to reclaim its domain from the collaborators and to foster a new reborn cinema that the world regain from the glory of 1930s, which brought out the golden years of Jean Renoir, Rene Clair and Marcel Carne. As the titles states, Clà ©o de 5 à   7(1962) is set between 5pm and 7pm. At this time we follow a young singer, Florence, Clà ©o Victoire as she walks along the busy street of Paris; all the while she is awaiting a dreaded test result from her doctor. The director Agnes Varda, known as the Grandmother of the New Wave, uses fluid camera style with quick jump cuts to casually take us through the streets of Paris, allowing us the audience to feel the presences in the scenery. The camera brings a realistic, real-life documentary but still a strong experience. Florence starts her journey by using a clichà ©. She is taken by materialism and a mostly hypnotized by her own beauty. She is being selfish and ignorant to the people around her as she is walking around, while people are looking at her, as she is quite noticeable to the people around her. She does not smile, or respond, and she acts like people are not even there. In a way in this selected clip, if at first you watch it, you at first can assume that she was a prostitute. Jill Forbes calls this the inescapable mise-en-scene to which women are subjected, usually in Paris (Forbes 2002:89). Forbes concludes that though Cleo is Bauderliareon in some respects, it is an object not subject of the gaze (2002:86). The shots of her walking the street is done using a bird eye view, you see lots of birds flying off the street as she enters the scene. This could have hidden connotations of the fact that it could be sign of a bad omen, in an almost a mythological scale. As she is walking the camera does not zoom into her, but more the camera is showing the street surroundings, and to make her seem a part of the society around her, as one of the public. You can tell its a sunny day, as being a black and white film, and as she is walking underneath tree, wearing sunglasses also, she is unseen in some part from the shadow, this shows how French new wave films, tend to use natural light. Lots of French New Wave films were created on a tight budget. Directors would use their friends as the cast and crew. The Directors would often have to improvise with camera equipment, for example using shopping cart for tracking shots. Cost in making movies was a major thing to think about; even the efforts to save mo ney would make a film turned into stylists innovation. In Jean-Luc Godards film, Breathless (1960), in French known as (À bout de soufflà ©), was told the film was too long and that he was told to cut an hour and half. He then removed many scenes from the film using jump cuts, as they were filmed in one long take. Some parts did not work were just cut from the middle, a practical decision and also a stylistic one. As Florence is seen walking inside the cafà ©, there are many POV shots. It makes the audience feel that they are in the cafe. All the people that are seen, does not blend in the background, they are seen in your way of the camera, and not something you would be used to watching as you would usually not focus on these extras actors. They seem like real people minding their own business, busy working, reading papers and so on. But one to think if they were watching this clip for the first time, that anyone could possibly be a main character that is about to come into scene. Conversation of people in the background is visibly presence, two men who are on the bottom of the screen, is talking about politics. Bloody Algerian Politics says the man, Where does it leave painting, Florence is seen putting on her own song on the jukebox, and the camera pans away from the conversation, and tracks Florence as she walks away from the Juke box. Through this clip only diegetic sound is being played, from people in the background, objects moving around, there is no mood music, just the diegetic sound that is played from the jukebox. The comments from the two male has some issues due to the time of filming. During the making of this film, the Algerian war was still going on. It had started on 1st November 1954 and would end with the Evian agreement of 18th March 1962, which led Algeria to become independent on 3rd July 1962. The French cinema could not talk explicitly to the conflict, until 1963. From 1954 to 1962, many French intellectuals including the New Wave filmmakers were strongly opposed to the war. In 1961 many of them signed the Manifesto of the 121 Even though it started with 121 signees it soon continued to 400. This made French soldiers to desert rather than fight. This was intended to damage some filmmakers careers because the government forbade anyone to publicise the names who had signed the manifesto, but the state owned media also stopped any radio or television appearance by those who signed the manifesto. This therefore stopped them attempting promotion of newly released films. Some films were banned, like Godards Le Petit Soldat (1963) The Little Soldier. This was completed in the 1960 but was released after the end of the conflict in 1963. The mise-en-scene in this clip shows the location that is set, which is France. Originally the director Anges Varda wanted to shoot this film in colour. But her producer, Georges De Beauregard who has produced other New Wave films like Jean-Luc Godards, A Bout De Soufflà © (1959) as well as others such Jacques Demys Lola (1961). He wanted her to think of the financial way, Make a little black and white film that wont cost more than 32 million F, he advised her. This is why Varda decided to shoot in Paris for being more practical and financially suited. Paris being a city of fear also being a personal resonance for Varda, as a provincial girl arriving in the French metropolis, Varda has been afraid of the city and its dangers of getting lost, feeling lonely and also alienated. Other film makers points of referencing when filming in Paris, were usually other films shot in Paris, but Vardas point was more to do with literacy and being artistic. The styling of French New Wave has bought a new look to cinema with improvised dialogue, rapid changed of scenes and shots that go past the common 180 degree axis. The cameras were used not to mesmerize the audience with narrative and illusory images, but to play with the expectations of cinema. The style that was used to shock the audience out of submission and awe was bold and more direct that director Jean-Luc Godard has been of doing this by having contempt for his audience. His approaches can be seen as stylistic approach and can be seen as a desperate struggle, against the mainstream films at the time. Either way the challenging awareness represented by this movement remains in the cinema today. Effects that are now seem to either commonplace or trite, such a character stepping out of their role in order to address the audience directly, were increasingly innovative at the time. New Wave filmmakers makes no attempts to suspend the viewers disbelief, in the fact, they took steps to constantly remind the viewers that a film is just a sequence of a moving image. No matter how stylized use of shadow and light, the result is set of odd mixed up scenes without the attempt to unity it together, or an actors character changes from one scene to the next or even sets in which accidently come into the camera with the extras, who are hired to do the same. Just like the scene where Florence is leaving the Cafà ©, walking down the street. You cannot decide by some looks on people, if they are even paid extras or onlookers looking at her. A little bit of unique style is used here. One thing that makes Florence different from the other people in the scene is her appearance. She is obviously wearing a wig, which you do understand later in the clip, where the wig is hanging from a dressing table mirror. But her black dress, her blonde hair and sunglasses, not to forget the dress itself reveals her shoulders; this gives her a glamorous Hollywood film actress look. As the camera follows Florence in the scene behind her, the camera turns softly to the left and captures the art work of painting on the wall. Many paintings are on the wall, side by side, like an art gallery. Then you hear a discussion from the public people in the background talking about Art. This helps the audience distinguish the presence of Paris. Paris being of the capital that is famous for artists such as Van Gough, paintings that French owns like The Mona Lisa. Paris is known capital of the artistic pictures and painting. There is a humour when the lady compares with a painting done by Picasso, Picasso owls looks like a woman another artist who made his fame in France. Also I have noticed a lot of people are wearing sunglasses inside the cafà ©. Its amusing to wear this, inside where the sun in not in the way, but this I believe is worn as more of a fashion statement. Paris is also known to be one the capital of the world of the fashion industry. Paris is known to have the fashion labels and fashion designers like Chanel, Dior and Louis Vuitton. Towards the end of the clip, as mentioned earlier of stylised French New Wave films, there is a set of jump cuts of random people. With cuts to Florence walking away from the Cafà © and people looking at her through POV shots. This clearly shows the style of French New Waves films, especially the editing of these jump cuts. These shots are very unsystematic, and almost seem like the director tried to group in scenes that was too long. Or maybe these jump cuts was used to cover some mistakes that might of happened during the filming, as the shoot location was done in an open public space. To conclude this essay it has come to my attention that Paris as a city plays a crucial role in the production of French New Wave. This is mainly due to Paris been seen a central hub for fashion, literature, arts and food as well as not to mention films. This shows that they have come a long way since the French Algerian war as the films were censored from any mention of the war. Additionally the films been produced then did have a low budget, but somehow in Paris, quality and stylistic films was being produced. (2745)

Male Homosexual Roles Among the Isthmus Zapotec of Southern Mexico Essa

Male Homosexual Roles Amog the Isthmus Zapotec of Southern Mexico Carlos and Javier are two men living in the city of Juchit∠«n, Mexico. They work at a small hotel just off the z-calo, the main town square. Sometimes they converge with other men outside the hotel to watch people as they walk past in the z-calo. As nearly anywhere in Mexico, the men comment and nudge each other when an attractive woman passes, but Carlos and Javier remain silent throughout the exchange. It is not until an attractive young man walks by that they speak up. ÃÆ' £ÃƒÆ'Uy, que guapo!ÃÆ' ¤ Carlos exclaims: ÃÆ' £Ah, how handsome!ÃÆ' ¤ÃƒÆ'Ã…   Carlos and Javier are muxeÃÆ' ¢, the effeminate male homosexuals of Isthmus Zapotec culture. Male homosexuality and transvestism is present in many if not most Native American societies to at least some degree, notably the DinZh, Lakota, Tohono OÃÆ' ¢odham, and so on. In pre-Hispanic Mexico, homosexuals were common and respected in most area cultures. With the advent of the Spaniards, however, homosexuals and transvestites were pushed further and further to the margins of society, branded as deviants and persecuted under the influence of a rampant machismo. Only in a few places did homosexuality survive as a common and respected practice. The Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca state at the very south of Mexico, home to the Zapotec people, is one of these places. I was privileged to spend July and August of 2000 living among the Zapotec in the city of Juchit∠«n. I was intrigued by the position of homosexuals in this culture, and following are some of my efforts to understand them. MuxeÃÆ' ¢ is the Zapotec word for effeminate male homosexuals, though the origins of the word remain in debate. Probably the word derives from the Span... ...to peoples like the Zapotec as we try to determine how to respond. North Americans have much to learn from a society that extends to homosexuals an acknowledged and respected role. [1]Bennholdt-Thomsen, p. 280 [2]The word mayate is a Mexican Spanish term for a Coleoptera beetles. [3]Bennholdt-Thomsen, p. 304 [4] CAAN, p. 40 [5]Bennholdt-Thomsen, p. 293-294 References: Bennholdt-Thomsen, et al.Juchit∠«n, la ciudad de las mujeres. Oaxaca, Mexico: Instituto OaxaqueÃÆ' ºo de las Culturas.ÃÆ'Ã…   1997. Canadian Aboriginal Aids Network, Canadian Strategy on HIV/AIDS, and Health Canada. Hands Across the World: An Indigenous Peoples Forum. Final Report, July 17, 1999 AIDS Impact Conference. Ottawa: Blue Moon Consulting.ÃÆ'Ã…   1999. ChiÃÆ' ºas, Beverly L. The Isthmus Zapotecs: WomenÃÆ' ¢s Roles in Cultural Context. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1973.

China Returns to Africa Essay

The book â€Å"China Returns to Africa: A Superpower and a Continent Embrace† provides in-depth account of Chinese-African relations. The central claim of the book is that geopolitical relations between Africa and China has provoked international interests as China remains one of the most promising and powerful states in the world. The editors have assembled 24 essays by academics that possess exceptional knowledge with the purpose to shed light on the unexpected Chinese-African operations. The chapters address diverse subjects as, for example, social influence of Chinese Diaspora in Africa, the history of Tanzanian railway, the history of Chinese medicine, the progress of Beijing in buying oil and natural resources, the breadth of African continent, etc. The book presents a balanced impressive study of the most important developments in the modern worlds, as Chinese-African relations will affect economics and politics of all countries. In 2006 China celebrated a new strategic partnership. The interest of China in African continent has raised a number of debates as researches found it interesting to reveal what China expects from Africa. However, academic and development policy circles neglect country’s re-engagement with the African continent. In contrast to Europe and America, China treats Africa equally, not as inferior country. With the help of China Africa is viewed to be able to establish business deal with Western countries. In the late 1960s China made a decisive ideological thrust into the African continent and was humiliated for that by the rest of the world’s powerful countries and Africa itself. The painful experience of Mao’s men prevented further relations with Africa for about 40 years. The economic wreck was contributed to China’s disastrous experiments with socialism. A new invasion of Africa began in the past 15 years. New effort appeared to be more pragmatic and was driven mainly by a quest for new energy sources and new raw materials. Economic invasion was backed up by country’s huge wealth and, therefore, its implication was more likely to be far-reaching than the last Maoist adventure. Western powers were prompted to corresponding alarm as they were unaware what to expect from Chinese-African relations. The book notes that more than 800 Chinese companies have invested more than ? 5 billion in economic development of African countries and there is more to come. The editors admit in introduction that â€Å"China’s expanding relations with Africa are the most important dynamic in the foreign relations and politics of the continent since the end of the cold war†. (Alden et al. , 2008, ii) In particular, China offers African continent three things – money, long-term commitment and assurance of non-inference. Money offered accounted for larger sums that offered by western competitors and assurance of non-inference means that human rights won’t be troubled by Chinese lifestyle in contrast to European and American countries to impose their beliefs and policies within the continent. Thus, local dignitaries of African continent will remain original. Further, one of the chapters addresses the important of media in Chinese-African relations as media is the fourth power in the world. It is noted that Chinese media presents future of Chinese-African relations in different way from that of western reports and prophesies. Chinese partnership has expanded in Senegal, Mauritius and Cape Verde. Chinese traders are restoring the infrastructure in Angola. China buys cobalt from Congo and South Africa; feed from Ethiopia, Tanzania and Sudan; copper from South Africa and Zambia; chemicals from Nigeria; ferrous metals from Zimbabwe; and oil from everywhere. Angola has become China’s biggest supplier. The authors assess the costs and benefits of China’s re-engagement into African continent. On the one side, the prices are boosted by the increased competition for commodities. The West seems to be troubled about the Chinese imperialism because many of the trade practices have been commonplace among the European and American companies. Many countries simply tended to get out of Africa without investing in it. In contrast, China offers new scope of economic relations through equal treatment. Nevertheless, the poorest people in Africa would hardly benefit from Chinese-African relations as reliance on capital-intensive commodity industries is not effective way to fight poverty. The problem is that Chinese money goes into the pockets of Africa’s elites and into Swiss banks. The editors cite a spokesman of the Kenyan government who argues: â€Å"You never hear the Chinese saying that they will not finish a project because the government has not done enough to tackle corruption. If they are going to build a road, it will be built†. (Alden et al. , 2008, 23) Some authors are more skeptic about the future of the Chinese-African relations. They argue that with years the issue of ‘governance’ can’t be escaped as governance is the pre-condition of stable economic relationships and economic development. China is argued to suffer from lack of spiritual dimension in the countries practicing Christianity, Islam and other indigenous systems of beliefs. Overall, the book is very informative presenting multiple perspectives on development of Chinese-African relations. The authors offer far-reaching surveys of China’s return to the African continent. The new relations are assumed to hold for diplomacy, trade and further development. The authors are surely correct in their efforts to refuse taking high morale line about what China is willing to get from Africa. The positive is that China tends to treat Africa as equal partner, whereas Europe treated Africa as inferior state. Africa should be provided with more respect, the country should be provided with opportunity to decide what it wants and what it doesn’t want. With China, Africa may be able to strengthen its economic and political position in the world. Nevertheless, the negative is that China may tend to impose its own beliefs and governance similar to European countries. Development of Chinese-African relations depends fully on country’s abilities to cooperate. BIBLIOGRAPHY Alden, Chr. , Large, D. , & de Oliviera, R. , ed. China Returns to Africa: A Superpower and a Continent Embrace. USA: Hurst & Co Publishers LTD, 2008.

A Military History Timeline of the 1900s

A Military History Timeline of the 1900s This timeline chronicles the military history of the last hundred plus years and includes WWI, WWII, Korea, Vietnam, and dozens of other conflicts. 1900s September 7, 1901 - Boxer Rebellion ends in ChinaMay 31, 1902 - Second Boer War: Fighting ends with the Treaty of VereenigingFebruary 8, 1904 - Russo-Japanese War: Fighting begins when the Japanese attack the Russian fleet at Port ArthurJanuary 2, 1905 - Russo-Japanese War: Port Arthur SurrendersSeptember 5, 1905 - Russo-Japanese War: The Treaty of Portsmouth ends the conflict 1910s April 21-November 23, 1914 - Mexican Revolution: American forces land and occupy Vera CruzJuly 28, 1914 - World War I: The conflict begins when Austria-Hungary declares war on SerbiaAugust 23, 1914 - World War I: British forces join the fray at the Battle of MonsAugust 23-31, 1914 - World War I: The Germans win a stunning victory at the Battle of TannenbergAugust 28, 1914 - World War I: The Royal Navy wins the Battle of Heligoland Bight.October 19-November 22, 1914 - World War I: Allied forces hold at the First Battle of YpresNovember 1, 1914 - World War I: Vice Admiral Maximilian von Spees German East Asia Squadron wins the Battle of Coronel.November 9, 1914 - World War I: HMAS Sydney defeats SMS Emden at the Battle of CocosDecember 16, 1914 - World War I: German warships raid Scarborough, Hartlepool, and WhitbyDecember 25, 1914 - World War I: The Christmas Truce begins along parts of the Western FrontJanuary 24, 1915 - World War I: The Royal Navy wins the Battle of Dogger BankApril 22-May 25, 1915 - World War I: Allied and German forces fight the Second Battle of Ypres September 25-October 14 - World War I: British forces take heavy losses during the Battle of LoosDecember 23, 1916 - World War I: British Commonwealth forces win the Battle of Magdhaba in the Sinai DesertMarch 9, 1916 - Mexican Revolution: The forces of Pancho Villa raid across the border and burn Columbus, NMOctober 31-November 7, 1917 - World War I: General Sir Edmund Allenby wins the Third Battle of GazaApril 6, 1917 - World War I: The United States enters the warJune 7, 1917 - World War I: General John J. Pershing arrives in England to take command of US forces in EuropeOctober 24-November 19, 1917 - World War I: Italian troops are routed at the Battle of CaporettoNovember 7, 1917 - Russian Revolution: The Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional Government, beginning the Russian Civil WarJanuary 8, 1918 - World War I: President Woodrow Wilson outlines his Fourteen Points to CongressJune 1-28, 1918 - World War I: US Marines win the Battle of Belleau WoodSeptember 19-October 1, 1918 - World War I: British forces crush the Ottomans at the Battle of Megiddo November 11, 1918 - World War I: An armistice is concluded ending World War I in a victory for the Allies.June 28, 1919 - World War I: The Treaty of Versailles officially ends the war. 1920s June 1923 - Russian Civil War: Fighting ends with the Red capture of Vladivostok and the collapse of the Provisional Priamur GovernmentApril 12, 1927 - Chinese Civil War: Fighting begins between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party 1930s October 1934 - Chinese Civil War: The Long March retreat begins with Chinese Communists marching approx. 8,000 miles over 370 daysOctober 3, 1935 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: The conflict begins when Italian troops invade EthiopiaMay 7, 1936 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Fighting ends with the capture of Addis Ababa and the Italian annexation of the countryJuly 17, 1936 - Spanish Civil War: The conflict begins following an attempted coup dà ©tat by Nationalist forcesApril 26, 1937 - Spanish Civil War: The Condor Legion bombs GuernicaSeptember 6-22, 1937 - Spanish Civil War: Republican forces are defeated at the Battle of El MazucoSeptember 29/30, 1938 - World War II: The Munich Agreement cedes the Sudetenland to Nazi GermanyApril 1, 1939 - Spanish Civil War: Nationalist forces crush the final Republican resistance ending the war.September 1, 1939 - World War II: Nazi Germany invades Poland beginning World War IINovember 30, 1939 - Winter War: Fighting between the Soviet Union and Finland begins when Russian troops cross the border following the faked shelling of Mainila December 13, 1939 - World War II: British and German naval forces fight the Battle of the River Plate 1940s February 16, 1940 - World War II: British and German forces violated Norwegian neutrality in the Altmark IncidentMarch 12, 1940 - Winter War: The Moscow Peace Treaty ends the war in the Soviets favorJune 22, 1940 - World War II: After a six-week campaign, Germany defeats France and forces the British to evacuate from DunkirkJuly 3, 1940 - World War II: The Royal Navy attacks Mers el KebirJuly 10-October 31, 1940 - World War II: The Royal Air Force wins the Battle of BritainSeptember 17, 1940 - World War II: Operation Sea Lion, the German invasion of Britain, is indefinitely postponedNovember 11/12, 1940 - World War II: In a daring nighttime raid, British aircraft strike the Italian fleet at the Battle of TarantoDecember 8, 1940 - World War II: British forces in Egypt launch Operation Compass which sweeps across the desert driving the Italians deep into LibyaMarch 11, 1941 - World War II: Pres. Franklin Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease ActMarch 27-29, 1941 - World War II: British naval forces defeat the Italians at the Battle of Cape Matapan April 6-30, 1941 - World War II: German forces win the Battle of GreeceMay 24, 1941 - World War II: HMS Hood is sunk at the Battle of the Denmark StraitMay 27, 1941 - World War II: Following aerial attacks from HMS Ark Royal and fire from British battleships, the German battleship Bismarck is sunk in the North AtlanticJune 22, 1941 - World War II: German forces invade the Soviet Union opening the Eastern FrontSeptember 8, 1941-January 27, 1944 - World War II: German forces conduct the Siege of Leningrad but fail to capture the city.October 2, 1941-January 7, 1942 - World War II: The Soviets win the Battle of MoscowDecember 7, 1941 - World War II: Japanese aircraft attack the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor bringing the United States into the warDecember 8-23, 1941 - World War II: Japan wins the Battle of Wake IslandDecember 8-25, 1941 - World War II: The British are defeated at the Battle of Hong KongDecember 10, 1941 - World War II: HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse are sunk by J apanese aircraft January 7-April 9, 1942 - World War II: Allied forces conduct the  defense of BataanJanuary 31-February 15, 1942 - World War II: The Japanese win the  Battle of SingaporeFebruary 27, 1942 - World War II: The Allies are defeated at the  Battle of the Java SeaMarch 31-April 10 - World War II: Japanese forces conduct the  Indian Ocean RaidApril 18, 1942 - World War II: The planes of the  Doolittle Raid  bomb JapanMay 4-8, 1942 - World War II: US forces turn back the Japanese advance against Port Moresby at the  Battle of the Coral Sea. Fought entirely by aircraft, it was first naval battle in which the opposing ships never sighted each other.May 5-6, 1942 - World War II: US and Filipino forces surrender after the  Battle of CorregidorMay 26-June 21, 1942 - World War II:  General Erwin Rommel  wins the  Battle of GazalaJune 4-7, 1942 - World War II: The US Pacific Fleet defeats the Japanese at the  Battle of Midway, turning the tide in the PacificJuly 1-27, 1942 - World War II: Axis forces are halted at the  First Battle of El Alamein August 7, 1942 - World War II: Allied forces go on the offensive in the Pacific by  landing on GuadalcanalAugust 9, 1942 - World War II: Japanese naval forces win the  Battle of Savo IslandAugust 9-15, 1942 - World War II: The Royal Navy resupplies Malta during  Operation PedestalAugust 19, 1942 - World War II: The  Dieppe Raid  ends in disaster for Allied troopsAugust 24-25, 1942 - World War II: Allied and Japanese forces fight the  Battle of the Eastern SolomonsAugust 25-September 7, 1942 - World War II: Allied force on New Guinea win the  Battle of Milne BayAugust 30-September 5, 1942 - World War II: British forces halt  Field Marshal Erwin Rommel  at the  Battle of Alam HalfaOctober 10/11, 1942 - World War II: Allied naval units win the  Battle of Cape EsperanceOctober 23-November 4, 1942 - World War II: British forces under  Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery  begin the  Second Battle of El AlameinOctober 25-27, 1942 - World War II: American and Ja panese naval forces fight the  Battle of Santa Cruz November 8-10, 1942 - World War II: American forces land in North Africa as part of  Operation TorchNovember 12-15, 1942 - World War II: Allied forces win the  Naval Battle of GuadalcanalNovember 27, 1942 - World War II: The  French fleet is scuttled  at Toulon during Operation LilaNovember 30, 1942 - World War II: Japanese forces win the  Battle of TassafarongaJanuary 29-30, 1943 - World War II: Japanese aircraft win the  Battle of Rennell IslandFebruary 19-25, 1943 - World War II: American troops area defeated at the  Battle of Kasserine PassMarch 2-4, 1943 - World War II: Allied aircraft win the  Battle of the Bismarck SeaApril 18, 1943 - World War II:  Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto  is killed by Allied aircraft during  Operation VengeanceApril 19-May 16, 1943 - World War II: The Germans suppress the  Warsaw Ghetto Uprising  in PolandMay 17, 1943 - World War II: As part of  Operation Chastise  RAF bombers strike dams in GermanyJuly 9, 1943 - World War II: Allied forces begin  Operation Husky  and invade Sicily August 17, 1943 - World War II: American bombers conduct the massive  Schweinfurt-Regensburg RaidSeptember 3-9, 1943 - World War II: American and British forces  land in ItalySeptember 26, 1943 - World War II: Australian commandoes conduct  Operation Jaywick  in Singapore HarborNovember 2, 1943 - World War II: American forces win the Battle of Empress Augusta BayNovember 20-23, 1943 - World War II: American forces  invade TarawaDecember 26, 1943 - World War II: British naval forces win the  Battle of the North CapeJanuary 22, 1944 - World War II: Allied forces begin Operation Shingle and open the  Battle of AnzioJanuary 31-February 3, 1944 - World War II: US troops fight the  Battle of KwajaleinFebruary 17-18, 1944 - World War II:  Operation Hailstone  sees Allied aircraft attack the Japanese anchorage at TrukFebruary 17-May 18, 1944 - World War II: Allied forces fight and win the  Battle of Monte CassinoMarch 17-23, 1944 - World War II: Allied forces win the  Battle of EniwetokMarch 24/25, 1944 - World War II: Allied POWs begin the  Great Escape  from Stalag Luft III June 4, 1944 - World War II: Allied forces capture RomeJune 4, 1944 - World War II: Allied naval forces  capture  U-505June 6, 1944 - World War II: British airborne forces execute  Operation DeadstickJune 6, 1944 - World War II: The invasion of France begins with Allied troops  coming ashore in NormandyJune 15, 1944 - World War II: The Allied invasion of the Marianas begins with  landings on SaipanJune 19-20, 1944 - World War II: The US Navy wins the  Battle of the Philippine SeaJuly 21- August 10, 1944 - World War II: Allied troops  recapture GuamJuly 25-31, 1944 - World War II: Allied troops break out of Normandy during  Operation CobraAugust 15, 1944 - World War II: Allied troops land in southern France as part of  Operation DragoonAugust 25, 1944 - World War II: French forces liberate ParisSeptember 15-November 27, 1944 - World War II: Allied forces fight and win the  Battle of PeleliuSeptember 17, 1944 - World War II: American and British paratroopers land in Holland as part of  Operation Market-Garden October 23-26, 1944 - World War II: US naval forces defeat the Japanese at the  Battle of Leyte Gulf, opening the way for the invasion of the PhilippinesDecember 16, 1944 - World War II: German forces launch a massive offensive in the Ardennes, beginning the  Battle of the Bulge. It ends in a decisive Allied victory the following monthFebruary 9, 1945 - World War II:  HMS  Venturer  sinks  U-864  in the only known battle where one submerged submarine sank anotherFebruary 19, 1945 - World War II: US Marines land on  Iwo JimaMarch 8, 1945 - World War II: US forces secure the  Ludendorff Bridge  over the RhineMarch 24, 1945 - World War II: Allied forces airdrop over the Rhine during  Operation VarsityApril 1, 1945 - World War II: Allied forces  invade the island of OkinawaApril 7, 1945 - World War II: The battleship  Yamato  is sunk during  Operation Ten-GoApril 16-19, 1945 - World War II: Soviet forces win the  Battle of the Seelow HeightsApril 29-May 8, 1945: World War II:  Operations Manna Chowhound  deliver food to the starving population of the Netherlands May 2, 1945 - World War II:  Berlin falls  to Soviet forcesMay 7, 1945 - World War II: Nazi Germany surrenders to the Allies, ending the war in EuropeAugust 6, 1945 - World War II: The  B-29 Superfortress  Enola Gay  drops the  first atom bomb  on the city of HiroshimaSeptember 2, 1945 - World War II: The Japanese surrender aboard the battleship  USS  Missouri  ending the war in the PacificDecember 19, 1946 - First Indochina War: Fighting begins between French and Viet Minh forces around Hanoi​October 21, 1947 - Indo-Pakistani War of 1947: The war starts following the invasion of Kashmir by Pakistani troopsMay 14, 1948 - Arab-Israeli War: Following its declaration of independence, Israel is attacked by its Arab neighborsJune 24, 1948 - Cold War: Berlin Blockade begins leading to the  Berlin AirliftJuly 20, 1949 - Arab-Israeli War: Israel makes peace with Syria ending the war 1950s June 25, 1950 - Korean War: North Korean troops cross the 38th Parallel beginning the  Korean WarSeptember 15, 1950 - Korean War: United Nations troops under  General Douglas MacArthur  land at Inchon  and push the North Koreans back to the Yalu RiverNovember 1950 - Korean War: Chinese forces enter the conflict, driving UN forces back over the 38th Parallel.November 26-December 11, 1950 - Korean War: UN forces fight the Chinese at the  Battle of Chosin ReservoirMarch 14, 1951 - Korean War: Seoul is liberated by UN troopsJune 27, 1953 - Korean War: Fighting ends following the establishment of a cease-fire between UN and North Korean/Chinese forcesJuly 26, 1953 - Cuban Revolution: The revolution begins following an attack on the Moncada BarracksMay 7, 1954 - First Indochina War: The French fortress at  Dien Bien Phu  falls effectively ending the warNovember 1, 1954 - Algerian War: National Liberation Front guerrillas attack French targets across Algeria beginning the warO ctober 26, 1956 - Suez Crisis: Israeli troops drop into the Sinai, beginning the conquest of the peninsula 1960s April 15-19, 1961 - Cuban Revolution: The American-backed Bay of Pigs invasion failsJanuary 1959 -  Vietnam War: The North Vietnamese Central Committee issues a secret resolution calling for an armed struggle in South VietnamAugust 2, 1964 - Vietnam War: The  Gulf of Tonkin Incident  occurs when North Vietnamese gunboats attack American destroyersMarch 2, 1965 - Vietnam War: Operation Rolling Thunder begins as US aircraft start bombing North VietnamAugust 1965 - Indo-Pakistani War of 1965: The conflict begins when Pakistan launches Operation Gibraltar in Indian KashmirAugust 17-24, 1965 - Vietnam War: US forces begin offensive operations in Vietnam with Operation StarlightNovember 14-18, 1965 - Vietnam War: US troops fight the  Battle of Ia Drang  in VietnamJune 5-10, 1967 - Six-Day War: Israel attacks and defeats Egypt, Syria, and JordanNovember 3-22, 1967 - Vietnam War: American forces win the  Battle of Dak ToJanuary 21, 1968 - Vietnam War: North Vietnamese forces laun ch the Tet Offensive January 23, 1968 - Cold War: The  Pueblo  Incident  takes place when the North Koreans board and capture USS  Pueblo  in international watersApril 8, 1968 - Vietnam War:  US troops relieve the besieged Marines at Khe SanhMay 10-20, 1969 - Vietnam War: US troops fight the  Battle of Hamburger HillJuly 14-18, 1969 - Central America: El Salvador and Honduras fight the  Football War 1970s April 29, 1970 - Vietnam War: American and South Vietnamese forces begin attacking into CambodiaNovember 21, 1970 - Vietnam War: US Special Forces  raid the POW camp at Son TayDecember 3-16, 1971 - Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: The war begins when India intervenes in the Bangladesh Liberation WarMarch 30, 1972 - Vietnam War: The Peoples Army of North Vietnam begins the  Easter OffensiveJanuary 27, 1973 - Vietnam War: The Paris Peace Accords are signed ending US involvement in the conflictOctober 6-26, 1973 - Yom Kippur War: After initial losses, Israel defeats Egypt and SyriaApril 30, 1975 - Vietnam War: Following the  fall of Saigon, South Vietnam surrenders ending the warJuly 4, 1976 - International Terrorism:  Israeli commandoes land at Entebbe Airport  in Uganda and rescue the passengers of Air France Flight 139December 25, 1979 - Soviet-Afghan War: Soviet airborne forces enter Afghanistan beginning the conflict 1980s September 22, 1980 - Iran-Iraq War: Iraq invades Iran beginning a war that lasts eight yearsApril 2-June 14, 1982 - Falklands War: Following the Argentinean invasion of the Falklands, the islands are liberated by the BritishOctober 25-December 15, 1983 - Invasion of Grenada: After the deposition and execution of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, US forces invade and capture the island.April 15, 1986 - International Terrorism: American aircraft  bomb Libya  in retaliation for an attack on a West Berlin night clubDecember 20, 1989-January 31, 1990 - Invasion of Panama: US forces invade Panama to oust dictator Manuel Noriega 1990s August 2, 1990 -  Gulf War: Iraqi troops invade KuwaitJanuary 17, 1991 - Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm begins with American and coalition aircraft striking targets in Iraq and KuwaitFebruary 24, 1991 - Gulf War: Coalition ground forces advance into Kuwait and IraqFebruary 27, 1991 - Gulf War: Fighting ends as Kuwait is liberatedJune 25, 1991 - Former Yugoslavia: The first of the wars in the former Yugoslavia begins with the Ten-Day War in SloveniaMarch 24-June 10, 1999 - Kosovo War:  NATO aircraft bomb Yugoslav forces in Kosovo 2000s September 11, 2001 - War on Terror: Al Qaeda attacks the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in WashingtonOctober 7, 2001 - War on Terror: American and British aircraft begin bombing Taliban forces in AfghanistanDecember 12-17, 2001 - War on Terror: Coalition forces fight the  Battle of Tora BoraMarch 19, 2003 - Iraq War: US and British aircraft begin bombing Iraq as a prelude to the ground invasionMarch 24-April 4 - Iraq War: American forces fight the  Battle of NajafApril 9, 2003 - Iraq War: US forces occupy BaghdadDecember 13, 2003 - Iraq War: Saddam Hussein is captured by members of the US 4th Infantry Division and Task Force 121November 7-16, 2004 - Iraq War: Coalition forces fight the  Second Battle of Fallujah

Free Essays on Panama Canal

On February 1, 1881, driven by patriotic fervor and capitalized by over 100,000 mostly small investors, the French Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interocà ©anique began work on a canal that would cross the Colombian isthmus of Panama and unite the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Ferdinand de Lesseps,builder of the Suez Canal, led the project. His plan called for a sea-level canal to be dug along the path of the Panama Railroad. Some fifty miles in length, the canal would be less than half as long as the Suez. De Lesseps estimated that the job would cost about $132 million, and take twelve years to complete. Europeans had dreamed of a Central American canal as early as the 16th century; President Ulysses S. Grant sent seven expeditions to study the feasibility of such a work. As travel and trade in the Western hemisphere increased, the need for a canal grew increasingly more obvious. To sail from Atlantic to Pacific, ships navigated around Cape Horn, the treacherous southern extremity of South America. A New York to San Francisco journey measured some 13,000 miles and took months. A canal across Panama would save incalculable miles and man-hours. It would also, Ferdinand de Lesseps believed, make its stockholders rich, just as the Suez had done for its investors. Ample evidence supported de Lesseps' claims; the tiny cross-Panama railway had made in excess of $7,000,000 in the first six years of operation. That construction of the railroad had cost upwards of 6,000 lives failed to dampen de Lesseps' enthusiasm. The French hacked a broad pathway through the jungle from coast to coast, and on January 20, 1882, commenced digging. They commanded an impressive array of modern equipment, from steam shovels and locomotives to tugboats and dredges. Their work crew consisted mostly of local black and Indian laborers. In the first months, the digging progressed slowly but steadily. Then the rains began. De Lesseps, who visited Panama once-du... Free Essays on Panama Canal Free Essays on Panama Canal On February 1, 1881, driven by patriotic fervor and capitalized by over 100,000 mostly small investors, the French Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interocà ©anique began work on a canal that would cross the Colombian isthmus of Panama and unite the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Ferdinand de Lesseps,builder of the Suez Canal, led the project. His plan called for a sea-level canal to be dug along the path of the Panama Railroad. Some fifty miles in length, the canal would be less than half as long as the Suez. De Lesseps estimated that the job would cost about $132 million, and take twelve years to complete. Europeans had dreamed of a Central American canal as early as the 16th century; President Ulysses S. Grant sent seven expeditions to study the feasibility of such a work. As travel and trade in the Western hemisphere increased, the need for a canal grew increasingly more obvious. To sail from Atlantic to Pacific, ships navigated around Cape Horn, the treacherous southern extremity of South America. A New York to San Francisco journey measured some 13,000 miles and took months. A canal across Panama would save incalculable miles and man-hours. It would also, Ferdinand de Lesseps believed, make its stockholders rich, just as the Suez had done for its investors. Ample evidence supported de Lesseps' claims; the tiny cross-Panama railway had made in excess of $7,000,000 in the first six years of operation. That construction of the railroad had cost upwards of 6,000 lives failed to dampen de Lesseps' enthusiasm. The French hacked a broad pathway through the jungle from coast to coast, and on January 20, 1882, commenced digging. They commanded an impressive array of modern equipment, from steam shovels and locomotives to tugboats and dredges. Their work crew consisted mostly of local black and Indian laborers. In the first months, the digging progressed slowly but steadily. Then the rains began. De Lesseps, who visited Panama once-du...

Defining Data Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Defining Data - Assignment Example (Edwards, 2011) Teradata has transformed a lot of business organizations by aiding in the heavy lifting associated with data management and analysis by providing prebuilt solutions such as analytic data solutions which dramatically reduce effort and risks. Teradata enables business organizations to simplify business intelligence by providing services that allow business access and actionable information. Teradata avails current data to business organizations that are in turn used in business decision. The data and information provided by Teradata to business organizations is decision ready thus allowing the business to analyze current and long term trends while providing instant alerts on problems and opportunity.(Edwards, 2011) Teradata is one of the leading data warehousing corporations there is. It is capable of managing its systems for maximum and all round throughput while catering for various organizational demands effectively. The company is contemplating on dynamically adopting workload mix in order to ensure fast response time and high throughput in addition to visualizing the current and long term trends given the evolving

The Most Pressing Ethical Issue in World Cinemas is in Every Aspect Essay

The Most Pressing Ethical Issue in World Cinemas is in Every Aspect that of Representation - Essay Example According to Galt and Schnoozer this specificity although unique in its nature does create room for destabilization in the global art cinema. The term global as used by Galt and Schnoozer does represent all the aspects represented by the global art cinema. These include the geopolitical aspect that features as part of the global art cinema representation. In the 21st century, the art films have the task of presenting unique yet universally legible works of art. Galt and schnoozer argue that the art cinema does demand the consideration of all cultures and the ability seeing ourselves through foreign eyes. This ideology of global art cinema does present the lack of unification. The global art cinema does make a massive contribution to the cinema world in its effort to globalise the art of film. It achieves this by embracing the different cultural perspective and trying to create a relationship in every aspect of life. Glan and schnoozer look at the films from different directors who ha ve come up with the ability to create beautiful films that are an inspiration to their viewers. What this films present is political liberation that is an aspect that the global art cinema focuses on in the aim of promoting contemporary films. An example of the promotion of culture through the field of art cinema is the Spanish cinema. This cinema looks at the popular culture that the Spaniards experienced during the era of Marxism. We focus on dictatorship. The Europe cinema for some time has a link to the art cinema in contrast to the Hollywood cinema, which is popular. For some time, the Hollywood cinema took the principal focus for its international prominence this is in contrast to the European cinema that took the focus of art cinema. This paved room for the study of the other cinemas like the Mexican cinemas, the Spanish cinemas the U.K cinemas also the Australian cinemas the act scholars saw the need to study their unique, artistic quality. Let us consider the movie Motor Cy cle Diaries directed by Walter Salles, the movie is an adaptation of the journal written by Guevara. The movie does use Mexican actors to play the leading roles. Gael Garcia Bernal plays the role of Che. Ernesto Guevara Salles made an ideal choice to use this actor to play Guevera's part. He is a delightful character as he manages to pull out an asthma attack scene on the screen, thus making this is one of the moments that one catches his breath in the film. On the other hand, Rodrigo De La Serna plays the part of Alberto Granado. He plays the loyal travelling companion he represents the casually amoral he manages to bring out his friends fierce integrity. The movie is also a representation of the country’s state dating between the periods 1951 to 1952. Guevera is a final year student in medical school, and his friend is a biochemist finalist. The movie is a representation of a Latin America journey it represents a trip undertaken by a 23 year old across South America. The tw o young friend who undertake the trip across South America happen to be exposed to the plight of the poor along the way. They experience the vulnerability and the suffering of the poor in this country. This exposure forms the basis of Che Guevara interest in being an activist in his country and thus he shows his determination in bidding farewell to the leper colony