Art and Its Political Messages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art and Its Political Messages - Essay Example Art and Its Political Messages In his painting about the bad government, crime is way out of control and the people  roam  a collapsing city. On the side, people in the countryside experience drought.  In the work  done by artist Brunelleschi, the Duomo of Florence is now the  mark  of Florence; this is the tallest  structure  and it illustrates availability of  wealth  and the  public  pride of the most  influential  families in town, in the time of revival (Jane 9). Leonardo, in order to  locate  the woman in his  painting  with ease, used the  design  of a pyramid.  In the portrait, the hands that  are folded  shape  the pyramids front corner. The light ensures that the  different  living  surfaces are not only given the significant geometrical spheres, but also given the  underlying  circles. Leonardo used a system that looks easy while creating his figure of the seated female, which entailed the widespread images of the seated Madonna. He perfectly mod ified the technique so as to form a clear visual impression successfully in relation to the distance between the woman seated and the person who observes the chair armrest also becomes an element that creates division between the person viewing and the woman seated. During the Italian revival, new methods developed in the sectors of painting, monuments and architecture. Figures demonstrate feelings in their movement and expressions on their face. The magnificence of the human structure exposes itself, as it happened in the traditional Greeks, naked as the form of art. In naturalism, the artists  put  more attention on exposing the  significance  of nature. In the invention of oil paint, apart from tempera or wet plaster which is easy to  dry, there is the  introduction  of shading regions and the  usage  of silhouette. Using canvas as a  medium  when painting with oil, the artist were able to  mix  color,  create  a vapor, and  perform  their  work  for a longer  duration  and with more effectiveness (Jane 10). Antiquity Italian revival was amongst the significant, useful age, with great figures of  exceptional  masters to be established in  various  centers and every key  field’s work o f art,  sculpture  and structural design. In the revival, there was a close  relation  between art and science. Artists and scientists mutually struggled to  master  the  substantial  environment and the  skill  of work of art profited by the two sectors of  study  that  was termed  as scientific: structure of man, which represented the  body  of  human  in a remarkably accurate manner, and on a mathematical perception (Jane 16). Formerly, painters had accomplished this  cause  by  experimental  ways, but the  invention  of a mathematical  technique  of achieving a three-dimensional  idea  is accredited  to Brunelleschi in almost 1420. Since then, the system could be  thoroughly  premeditated  and explained, and it resulted to the significant mechanisms of artists, more  particularly  painters, in their  search  of reality. The people who were both scientists and artists were Leonardo da Vinci and Piero della Fr ancesca. We are uncertain whether these people would have comprehended  our  dissimilarity  involving science and art. Giotto is amongst the recognized figures in

How far could ancient tribal traditions and religious beliefs be held Thesis

How far could ancient tribal traditions and religious beliefs be held to blame for the problems between African nations or What - Thesis Example ’ I believe that the proposed assignment has much relevance in the present context where the international relationships between nations are at stake and the tuck of war is undergoing in many countries. As a student I am much interested in the international relations of the nations. Even though I don’t have much knowledge in it, I believe that if the international ties between the nations are strengthened up, much of the problems among the nations will come down. The international court has a predominant role to guide the nations through peace and security. In the field of international justice, day by day, many issues related to the encroaching, terrorism, territorial dispute, and unhealthy competitions between and among nations are rising to an intimidating level. As this topic is dealing with the present situations of the world and it has become a focus for interest, I wish to take up this assignment. I believe that this study has some relevance for studying. As far as I am concerned I wish to have a thorough study on the topic. The knowledge about the various elements of international law and the implementation of it in the present situation are to be studied. ... I believe that the aspect of international law and the strategies for settling the disputes among the nations is a major concern that the law should look through. At many times the international law has failed to judicially execute the disputes that emerged from different parts of the world. There should be enough clarification in the implementation of law by the different agencies. I plan to give more stress on this aspect in my research. It is sure that if ever I get a chance to meet an expert on this subject I would ask certain questions which is puzzling in my mind. Of course the major doubts of mine will be in the reforming of the international law. I want to know the how this law can take reforms and how this law will arbitrarily make decisions on different issues that are coming up day by day. I would like to list out some of the questions that I ask to the expert. I will ask him about the shift in that occurred in the international level as the powerful nations consider this as a tool of their supremacy. It is also good to ask about the modern changes that are to be there in the international law. I propose to ask on how the international court can exercise power in dealing with the dominant nations of the world. I will ask him what the reforms are proposed by the international law committee regarding the upcoming elements of terrorism in each country. By asking many questions I believe that I will get a clear cut idea on the international law and its role in maintaining peace among nations of the world. If ever I was asked to get a book on their reforms of International law I would suggest the article, ‘International Law in Times of Hegemony: Unequal Power and the

Health maintenance organizations Essay Example for Free

Health maintenance organizations Essay There are nine private payer plans which include preferred provider organizations (PPO), health maintenance organizations (HMO), point of service (POS). Indemnity plans cost the most for employees and they usually have to choose a PPO plan. The new consumer driven health plan (CDHP) which a lot of people are picking, it has a high deductible combined with a funding option of some type. All of the plans have unique features for coverage of services and financial responsibility. PPO plans are the most popular plan that doctors, clinics, hospitals, and pharmacies contract with. One of the reasons that the PPO plans are so popular is because they pay the doctors a discounted fee for service based on their fee schedule. PPO plans offer a low premium that has a higher deductible or the other option is a high premium with a lower deductible. The patients are responsible to pay a copayment, and there is also a yearly deductible that the patient has to pay out of pocket. If a patient sees a doctor outside of the network without a referral, the plan will pay less and the patient is responsible for the remainder of the fee. Patients have their choice of providers, but if the patient goes to a out-of-network provider it will cost more. One thing to remember though is that all non-emergency services require pre-authorization. With HMO plans there is a list of providers that the patient can only go to, if they go to a doctor that is not in the list of providers they will have to pay extra. The only way that a patient should see a provider out of the network is if it is an emergency. HMO’s have an annual premium and a copayment that is due at the time of service. The main services the HMO’s cover is preventive and wellness checks and disease management. However, in order for complete coverage the enrollees must see a doctor that offers an HMO plan. The providers manage the care and referrals are required, low payments, ad this plan does cover preventative care. The indemnity plan allows the patient to see any physician but there are preauthorization’s required for some of the procedures. Their features are higher costs, there are deductibles, coinsurance payments, and preventative care is not usually covered. Consumer Driven Health Plans (CDHP) has two elements that are included in this plan. One being a health plan, which is normally a PPO. This plan has a higher deductible and lower premium. Second is the special savings account which is used to pay medical bills before deductible is met. Point of service (POS) is similar to an HMO plan; specifically called an open HMO. This plan reduces restrictions, allowing members to choose providers outside of the HMO. However, a penalty fee is charged.

Impact of Poor Service Quality in Healthcare

Impact of Poor Service Quality in Healthcare Issue 1 The impact that poor service quality will have on Kindly Residential Care Rest Home as a geriatric service organisation and stakeholder in terms of Reputation Accountabilities in both the private and public sector Stakeholders Answer: Residential carerefers to continuing care agreed to adults or offspring who reside in a suburban setting to a certain extent than in their own home or family home. Voluntary caregivershome carehome-based careKindly Residential Rest Home offers several of services to the residents of the facility to have satisfactory services that will give the residents a meaningful life and quality care that they deserve. With poor services, there will be a reflect of feedbacks and may lead to poor reputation or may consider a facility with low standards. Accountabilities from public and private sectors will also take at risk for giving a facility with poor services offered on its residents that is not acceptable to the amount of payment the residents that they are paying to. It also a risk on its business with such a poor services being done. Because of unsatisfactory of its client, may lead to revolt and may file justifiable sanctions that restricts the funds of each services being offered to the residents, as first stated on what they have marketed. Organizations that hold fitness database or are part of network of health database have the task to guarantee the eminence and safety of health data. Such health database organizations can be created by business coalitions, built by entities supported with personal funds, mandate by state health legislation, or reputable by central accomplishment. Isolation and privacy are key fundamentals of ensure superiority in the health care system. To the extent that people worry about the confidentiality of the information that they present to physician and others, they force refuse to give in sequence, thus compromising the value of their own care, deterioration the quality of data used for other purposes, and causal to weakening in trust between patient and physician and between patient and health arrangement. If people fear that seeking particular kinds of medical services will make their health check times gone by accessible to employers, credit organizations, and others, they may even avoid on the lookout for needed health check care. In progress state protections often apply duty of discretion to the record keeper but these protections are no longer in upshot once the statistics have absent the record keeper’s been in command of. It is central to note that video-rental accounts, for example, have more centralized isolation fortification than health check records. Notwithstanding a large amount deliberate and debate, several important labours to secure national moment alone safeguard have not yet succeeded, even though current legislation may modify that. Both internal accountability and external accountability are important in ensuring the value of healthiness heed. InternalExternalThere are a range of residential care options accessible, depending on the requirements of the human being. Persons with disabilities, mental health problems, or scholarship difficulties are often cared for at home by paid or, such family and friends, with additional bear fromagencies. However, ifis not on hand or not fitting for the individual, residential care may be required. Reputation of a social entity is estimation about that article, uncharacteristically a result of common evaluation on a set of criterion. It is significant in trade, and many other fields. Reputation may be measured as a module of as distinct by others. Reputation is known to be and highly efficient in expected societies. It is a focus of learning in social, and technological. Its authority ranges from aggressive settings, like markets, to obliging ones, like firms, organisations, institution and communities. Furthermore, reputation acts on altered levels of society, character and supra-individual. At the supra-individual level, it concern groups, communities, collectives and nonfigurative social entity (such as firms, corporations, organizations, countries, cultures and even civilizations). It affects happening of like chalk and cheese scales, from on a daily basis life to associations between nations. Reputation is a primary gadget of, based upon disseminated, spur-of-the-moment social control. Quality-improvement and quality-management hard work to build up and propose care and to observe quality of care are indispensable. They engross health plans and fitness systems performing on their own scheme to measure and look up their routine and their patients outcome. Such efforts will also add force to the steps that physicians and other health care professionals can take now to improve the performance of narrow health care institutions and health plans. Monitoring of quality of care will also be needed to ensure the truthfulness of the quality-of-care in turn that plans report and to build assessments from a broader inhabitant’s outlook. It is vital that the impact of health-system changes on the quality of health care and the health standing of the entire people be track. Both public and private organizations are involved—often communally—in work to devise valid, unswerving, and realistic ways to measure and contrast the quality of care provided by health diplomacy, institutions, and clinicians. These dual accountabilities—internalexternal quality monitoring and improvements—are not well tacit by the health care community, policymakers, or regulars. They need to be persistently advanced and non-breakable. The wealth of public agencies at federal and state levels with oversight accountability and the range of private organization that endorse health care organizations and re-examine care, as well as internal quality-improvement efforts of health plans, would guide some to believe that declaration of quality is well in hand. Unfortunately, replication of endeavour and gap in dimension coexist. For example,methods for adjusting health-outcome and presentation method to reflect differences in the age, physical condition status, and other sort of health-plan members or other populations are recovering but are still derisory.Without correctly used to comparisons, we can get the wrong idea about how well strength campaign care for and serve their members. The difficulty of severity-adjusting outcome measures parallels the trouble of risk-adjusting government, employer, or other outgoings to health plans (in conduct that do not rely on folks who are ill to pay superior premium). Without properly adjusted expenses, we might make somebody pay plans that be a magnet for unhealthy and more-costly members (the plans that understanding difficult selection). Such fiscal incentives could challenge efforts to advance quality and hold health plans responsible for their behaviour. Thus, sound methods to alter payments to health strategy and comparisons of health plan presentation for differences in members characteristics are important. Stakeholders are all those people who have a wager (or share) in a meticulous issue or system. Stakeholders can be groups of people, organisations, institutions and sometimes even individuals. Other terms every so often used in a parallel way to stakeholders are â€Å"actors† and â€Å"interest groups†. The word â€Å"actors† stresses that stakeholders are vigorous and act together with each other. The use of the language â€Å"interest groups† indicate that individuals can be grouped according to a general interest. Stakeholders can be at any stage or location in society, from the worldwide to the public district, domestic or intra-household level. Stakeholders include all those who involve and are artificial by policies, decisions or actions within a meticulous system. The term stakeholder breakdown was first used in management science for identifying and address the interest of diverse stakeholders in business. Nowadays, stakeholder study is commonly used for: policy formulation, project formulation, implementation and evaluation For understanding and analysing complex situations in natural supply administration. Stakeholder analysis is a way of considerate a system from end to end its stakeholders. It looks at their concentration, objectives, supremacy and relationships. In considering stakeholders, it is sometimes helpful to believe their meaning and weight. Vital stakeholders are those whose desires are main to a project or study. High-ranking stakeholders are those who have the command to be in command of decisions in an movement or who can pressure others in the decision making procedure.

Another Stressful Evening as Mayor in SimCity 4 :: Personal Narrative Writing

Another Stressful Evening as Mayor in SimCity 4 Somewhere, unpublished in bookform, a famous mayor once said, "Show me a man without a vice and I'll show you an arid mind." Everyone has their soft spot: if it's not cigarettes, it's alcohol or else mingling with the wrong partners. Mine is composed of seven letters and a magic number: SimCity 4. After six in the evening, I quit the word processor, e-mailer, my browser's online dictionary window and settle back in the swivel chair. It's time to clock in as mayor. Pursky Muska: A bustling city in the southeastern part of Maxisland, connected to the farm country of Yarbow by railway. Tourist attractions include Big Ben, the Washington Monument, a minor league stadium, a chic country club and two seaports. Population size is 42,499. The 6:02 News: Bunnies have long history of aggression, also have deep philosophical side. The first few minutes are usually the calmest, the perfect occasion to plant oak saplings on the parking lots of industrial buildings and blue spruce pines on residential backyards. This has environmental advisor Camille Meadows doffing her yellow straw hat in my direction. Trees reduce air pollution, and at 3 simoleons each, I call it a bargain. Thanks to an mp3 program, importing songs in the game is a breeze. Joan Osborne's What If God Was One Of Us plays in the background. My bunny slippers tap in time with the beat. I have successfully moved J. Alfred Prufrock, complete with the fancy hat and pipe I chose myself, from the futureless Sims neighborhood, to the Ryan Apartments. Born somewhere outside Eliot's Waste Land, he was living with his cousin, Nancy Ellicott in a two-story house at 79 Crumplebottom Court. Recent conflicts with stray cats and Nancy's obsessed fan hardened his will to look for brighter horizons to such a point that he was seriously considering the marriage proposal of a certain Antonio Salieri... but that's in another game. Right now he is happily driving a blue pick-up going to work at Havoc Bioenhancements and seems to have adapted well in his environment. At first, he ranted against the noise and traffic caused by the motor inn across the street. Ever since his brother-in-law came to visit, he realized the advantages of having one nearby. He now maintains that it is indispensable for really obnoxious relative relief. The 6:06 News: Words "Have a nice day" produce psychosis in 3% of hearers

The Benefits of Stem Cell Research Essay example -- Papers Science Bio

The Benefits of Stem Cell Research Stem cells are considered â€Å"master cells† with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in cultures and can be manipulated and transformed into any type of cell in the body. The most common use would be the generation of cells and tissues that could be used to either create organs or tissues to be used in transplantation and to treat many diseases and disabilities. There is a great difference of opinion surrounding stem cell research; conservatives and pro-choice activists are highly against further research, but the tremendous advances in health care and President Bush’s recent decision to fund more research, have made the future of stem cells seem much more promising. In every ground breaking scientific topic there seems to be controversy, and stem cells are no exception. Stem cell research is so controversial because the best source of stem cells are derived from human fetal tissue. Removing the stem cells destroys the embryo, which leads many people to believe this process to be immoral. One advantage of using stem cells found in embryos is their ability to transform themselves into almost every type of cell in the body. There are also not enough adult stem cells to allow for therapeutic applications, like transplants to regenerate tissues or organs that were damaged by disease. Adult stem cells are rare and are many times hard to identify, isolate, and purify. However, stem cells found in the embryo can be generated in large quantities in the laboratory. Many people argue that human embryos should not be the subjects of stem cell research that would benefit anyone other than the embryos themselves. Embryos are still human beings and just because they are immature hu... ...purpose of stem cell research. Generous funding on ethical issues was spent on current and future research, along with generous funding for research relevant to fetal, embryonic, and adult stem cells. With the enormous potential of stem cells developing new treatments for some of the most devastating diseases, it is crucial to search for the best sources of stem cells, regardless of where they come from. There are many pros and cons encompassing this issue with the pro-choice activists and conservatives being so avidly against it, with the remarkable advances in health care the research brings, and with President Bush’s decision to go ahead with further research. Even though there is still a great deal of controversy surrounding the issue of stem cell research, I think all people can agree that whoever saves one life is as if he saved an entire world.

Blogs and communication Essay

Corporate blogging is a new method of communication in which employees of different firms and corporations are allowed to express themselves in the current trend in media communications. Several studies suggest that corporate blogs should be limited to only conveying of information beneficial for the company or firm, and thus there is the need to create a strategic management scheme for blogging. As a form of communication, blogs can certainly evolve into a more powerful means of communication. This power entailed in written texts of blogs shall be seen as a tool in encompassing more productive results of the business sector. According to Business Week Online issued in 2006, â€Å"A Weblog (or blog) can be a powerful marketing tool, but it can also expose a business to a legal minefield† as reported by Jacqueline Klosek. â€Å"Blogs can be used to market a company’s products and services, facilitate communications with clients, and even counter negative publicity. † (Klosek, 2006). From the research, many benefits of corporate blogging have been found: it is a tool for search engine marketing, an aide in building the company’s reputation as a thought leader, a good support in crisis management, tool for building relationships with customers, used as a human voice to a company, illustrates transparency, immediate customer service and feedback, acts as differentiator, and tool to find out what others think about you and your company. Presently, corporations are now much more concerned about their reputations. The vigilant companies realize that knowledge is power in cyberspace. They are trolling chat rooms, discussion boards, online news media and Web sites run by their competitors and critics to detect rumblings that could end up making headlines if a reporter or financial analyst discovers them first (Alsop 2004, 21). The existence of cyberspace, wherein the transfer of information is relatively faster than it was ten years ago has just become a threat to the reputations of corporations which are forced to enter cyberspace for more exposure. Corporate blogging is one dependable medium which corporations may pursue in order to protect their reputations and cut of their costs in terms of crises scenarios which could have been avoided. Although, the most of the companies set up corporate blogs for the purpose of promoting their services, building their good image or gaining any other befits. There is however a limitation in blogging, since legal problems may arise in the process. â€Å"Careless statements posted on a company-sanctioned blog can come back to haunt the company through litigation and other avenues† Klosek stresses. Blogs can cause violations on intellectual-property rights since most corporate blogs do not have specific rules that can be followed by the employees. Trade secrets may be revealed accidentally risking the protected status of company information. Disclosure of trade secrets can jeopardize the blogger’s career since this problem may cause his suspension or termination from his position. From many studies and articles written about corporate blogs, the question has been raised on insufficient management. The integrity rules for protection and management of blogs are expected to be established immediately. This research proposal aims to determine that how does corporate blog as a kind of new innovation be widely adopted and used by the both of the individual blogger and various organizations? What are the benefits of the corporate blogs bring to the organizations? How the public perceives corporate blogging as a kind of new innovation? What are the perceived relative advantages of corporate blogging according to the bloggers? Why is it to be welcome and popular as a successful new innovation? Is corporate blogging compatible with the existing values and practices of the bloggers? 1. 2 Overview of the Structure This proposal is structured into several sections. This section provides the audience with the motivations, objectives and a brief introduction to the research proposal. In the following sections, it includes the Literature review concerning blogging phenomenon and the process of this successful innovation, the benefits and limitation will be critically reviewed to provide a background for the research theme. In order to further understand real world practices, a theoretical framework is introduced. In section 3, known as Diffusion of innovation theory will be applied in the analysis part. The DIO theory is also used in combination with literature review to analyze and illuminate primary data, which will be used to answer the research question and the respective supporting the arguments. Section 4 describes the research methodology and various techniques which the author used to collate empirical data. In this section, the case research has been choosing to track and understand the history of the perception and adoption of blogs as a new innovation by the successful corporation in the business industry. An interview will also be carried out in the research process. The interview will help to find out the relationship between the employer and internal blogger, and further testify, discover and summarize the effects and benefits of the corporate blog as a new innovation. Finally, the discussion and the conclusion sections will be given to summarize of the expectation of findings, contributions, limitations of the research and points in which the research could further be improved or developed. 2 Literature review 2. 1 Understanding of blogs A weblog or blog is a form of an online journal. Schiano, Nardi, Gumbrecht, and Swartz (2004) defined blogs as â€Å"frequently updated web pages with a series of archived posts, typically in reverse chronological order†. According to Gordon (2006), blogs use â€Å"straightforward content management tool, allowing web pages and entries to be created and updated easily, without the need to worry about design or architecture issues† (Gordon, 2006). Although blog posts are primarily textual, authors may also include photos or other multimedia content in their posts. The blog is the fourth biggest communication tool after the e-mail, BBS and ICQ. According to Cooke (2005), about 70 million blogs exist and over 75,000 blogs are being created each day. Blogs is indeed increasingly becoming popular. Sprague (2007) traced the growth and evolution of blogs. He also discussed how businesses use blogs to communicate with customers. There are different kinds of blogs present today at cyberspace. The most popular ones are personal blogs, service, and corporate blogs (Geerts and Kim 2005, 12). Personal Blogs provide information about the thoughts, interests and activities of different people whether they are individuals or are blogging by groups or affiliations. Service blogs are often topic oriented and they are context specific and much informative than personal blogs. Some groups use service blogs to introduce new technologies and recent development regarding the corresponding technologies which they present. Finally, the corporate blog which is created and maintained by a business entity, and is used to provide information about the company’s products and services and to interact with clients and customers. (Geers and Kim 2005, 12). Since most scholars who work in the area of life writing have chosen to see blogs as a development of the handwritten diary (Rak 2005, 166) more and more people engage in writing in blogspots or blogsites. There are both threats and advantages which corporate blogging gives to the corporations. At some point, corporate blogging has strengthened the transparency and corporate communications. Since at present, Corporate communication channels include not only printed materials but also information posted on a company’s Web sites and blogs (Argenti 2006, 358). However, some corporations fail to further improve their corporate communications because they limit their corporation’s blogspots only to their employees and their advertisers. It is highly doubtful whether they have fully utilized the capabilities of new two-way communication tools because more corporate home pages have been primarily used as a platform to push mundane advertising messages (Liu et al. , 1997; Salam et. al. 1998; Young and Benamati, 2000). Another point presents the fact that, there might be leaks in confidential corporate information which might be given out through the engagement to blogs of employees. Cases of such has led to the termination of employees active in Web blogs, which gives a corporate disadvantage as it losses some of its quality workforce due to the lack of policies and rules which apply to blogs. A good example would be the Delta Air Lines flight attendant who lost her job after she posted photos of herself in uniform on her blog. Delta stated that those photos, in which she is wearing Delta uniform with the blouse partly unbuttoned, were â€Å"inappropriate and unauthorized use of Delta branding† (USA Today, 2005). Web blogs is a critical accessory in information dissemination, yet at the same time, it might cause some corporate failures, as although the Internet allows companies to present their viewpoints directly to key constituents, control over information dissemination is lost (Ihator 2001). There are several studies that investigate the nature of blogs and bloggers. Schiano et. al. (2004) interviewed 23 bloggers between the ages 19 and 60. The interviews included questions about the participant’s blogs, blogging habits, thoughts on blogging, and use of other communication media such as e-mails, instant messaging, phone, and web pages. They found out that blogging is becoming increasingly popular because it serves as an easy-to-use personal journal in which he can express his thoughts and opinions. Nardi, Schiano and Gumbrecht (2004) describe blogs as a social activity. They interviewed the same population and questions as with their study entitled â€Å"Blogging by the Rest of Us†. After the interviews, the authors continued to read their participants’ blogs and communicate with some of them through email. The participants reported the reasons they started blogging, the reasons they continue blogging, and the changes in their blogging habits as time pass by. A variety or reasons emerge: readers inform bloggers they need the new posts; the friends influence their friend to blog. Due to these responses, Nardi et. al. (2004) conclude that blogs are â€Å"a form of social communication in which blogger and audience are intimately related through the writing, posting and commenting of blogs† . (Nardi, 2004) These studies give us an idea on the perceptions of bloggers about blogs in general. 2. 2 Corporate blogs and applications in the real world Different types of blogs have been posted in the internet ever since the adoption of different corporations in the late 1990’s. Corporate blogs however have different types in which each is branded according to the specific user or blogger. Dearstyne (2005) cites five different types of corporate blogs as: employee blog, group blog, executive blog, promotional blog, and newsletter blog. Employee blogs are blogs which are much like personal blogs and are maintained by a single rank-and-file employee. They vary in their content and are sometimes managed by different hosts which the corporations recognize. Although, often times, corporations gather all the blogs their employees post. Majority of employee blogs are still hosted independently of the Web site, employee blogs are increasingly being hosted independently of the company Web sit, employee blogs are increasingly being hosted on company-owned domains as more and more companies are officially sponsoring employee blogging. (Lee et. al. 2006, 319). Group Blogs are blogs which are written by several people or groups. Employees collaborate and write on a specific topic or different topics pertaining to a certain theme; they are made by those who are experts on the certain topics. Group blogs are sometimes made through the initiatives of employees themselves and self-hosted. Though, many group blogs are driven by strategic plans crafted by management and hosted by companies own Web sites (Lee et. al. 2006, 320). Executive Blogs, coming from the name itself, executive blogs are blogs which are written by various corporations’ executives. Corporations and consumers have been keener on what position blog writers are on as awareness about corporate standing is widespread. People have become more interested in top executives who run companies than in individual companies (Gaines-Ross 2000). Promotional blogs are those which primary purpose is to create a buzz about products and events of corporations. This blog however sparks controversy as most of the blogs which are promotional blogs are often times computer generated and is largely called as fake by some bloggers who remain critical about using blogspots as advertising media. The blogging community severely criticized this strategy as deceptive and bloggers even proposed product boycotts (Gallagher 2003). This case suggests that, marketing in the blogsphere is often times discouraged due to the lack of human voice in the ads which are placed in the blogsphere. Some corporations have moved from the traditional type of blog with a domain, and instead created a newsletter type of blog wherein opinions, thoughts, and positions of different corporate or organizational members are voiced out. They carry different information about the corporation, the people inside the corporation, and the corporation’s products which are widely discussed by members of the organization through the electronic newsletter. Sprague (2007) further explains the influence of blogs to the American society. There is an increasing number of both bloggers and blog readers each day. At present, the blog has already extended its influence to the business society. Blogs are reported to influence what people think, do and buy. By the summer 2005, it is estimated that there are nearly 5,000 corporate blogs. Nowadays, there are a number of companies who have already set up their own corporate blogs. Aside from the influx of bloggers, talking about anything and practically everything under the sun, in some countries wherein political turmoil is prominent and shouting against a regime could practically lose you your head. Blogspheres are considered as sanctuaries wherein anyone could voice off their thoughts. In Iran, the Blogsphere is one of the major mediums wherein the populace could voice out their political positions freely with minimal risk of persecution. Any foreigner who visits Iran is struck by the gap between the image projected by the regime to the outside world and the reality of Iranian society. The blogs quoted here vividly convey the bitter disillusionment many Iranians feel not just towards the hard-line mullahs, but toward the failed reformist project and its erstwhile leader (Berkeley 2006, 73). The safeness and freedom of the blogosphere from any political and other accusations which may arise from its use due to the arbitrariness of the policies governing the blogosphere may be seen as an advantage of corporate personalities in advertising and the diffusion of their advocacy especially in corporate social responsibility.